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<\/figure>\n\n\n\nRubber products refers to natural and synthetic rubber as raw materials to produce a variety of rubber products activities, including the use of waste rubber to reproduce rubber products.
First, the type and characteristics of rubber
(I) General purpose rubber<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Natural rubber NR: prepared from the latex of the three-leaf rubber tree, the basic chemical composition is cis-polyisoprene, which is a polymer of isoprene.
It is a raw material for making tape, rubber hose and rubber shoes. It is suitable for making shock absorbing parts and products used in liquid with hydroxide such as automobile brake oil and ethanol.
Advantages: Good wear resistance, high elasticity, tear strength and elongation, acid and alkali resistance, good overall performance.
Disadvantages: heat resistant, oil resistant (can be resistant to vegetable oil), easy to expand and dissolve in mineral oil or gasoline, alkali resistant but not resistant to strong acids. It is easy to age in air and becomes sticky in heat.
\u2489 Isoprene rubber IR: full name is cis-1, 4-polyisoprene rubber, a high cis synthetic rubber obtained from isoprene, produced by solution polymerization. Because its structure and properties are similar to natural rubber, it is also called synthetic natural rubber.
It can replace natural rubber to manufacture truck tires and off-road tires, and can also be used to produce various rubber products.
Advantages: Like natural rubber, it has good elasticity and wear resistance, excellent heat resistance and good chemical stability, quality uniformity and processing properties are better than natural rubber.
Disadvantages: Raw rubber (before processing) strength is significantly lower than natural rubber.<\/li> - Styrene butadiene rubber SBR: obtained from the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene. Is the largest production of general synthetic rubber, according to the production method is divided into emulsion polymerization of styrene butadiene rubber, solution polymerization of styrene butadiene rubber and thermoplastic rubber (SBR).
Widely used in tire industry, shoes industry, cloth industry and conveyor belt industry.
Advantages: low cost non-oil resistant material, good water resistance, hardness below 70 with good elasticity, high hardness with poor compressibility. Compared with natural rubber, it has uniform quality, less foreign matter, better wear resistance and aging resistance, good comprehensive performance and chemical stability, and can be mixed with natural rubber.
Disadvantages: Mechanical strength is weak, it is not recommended to use strong acids, ozone, oils, oil esters and fats and most hydrocarbons.<\/li> - Butadiene rubber BR: The full name is cis-1, 4-polybutadiene rubber, which is prepared by solution polymerization of butadiene.
Most of them are used for the production of tires, and a small part is used for the manufacture of cold-resistant products, buffer materials, tape, rubber shoes and so on.
Advantages: vulcanized butadiene rubber has particularly excellent cold resistance, wear resistance and elasticity, less heat under dynamic load, good aging resistance, easy to use with natural rubber, neoprene rubber, nitrile rubber and so on.
Disadvantages: poor tear resistance, poor skid resistance.<\/li> - Chloroprene rubber CR: made of chloroprene as the main raw material, through homopolymerization or a small amount of other monomers. The rubber after vulcanization has good elastic wear resistance, does not contain sulfur in the formula, so it is very easy to make, has particularly good weather resistance, is not afraid of fierce distortion, is not afraid of refrigerant, is resistant to dilute acid and silicon ester lubricating oil, and is generally used in a temperature range of -50-150 \u2103.
Neoprene rubber has a wide range of uses, such as the production of transport belts and transmission belts, wire, cable covering material, the manufacture of oil-resistant hose, gaskets (Liquid-O-Ring) and chemical corrosion resistant equipment lining. Make a variety of direct contact with the atmosphere, sunlight, ozone parts. Suitable for all kinds of fire resistant, chemical corrosion resistant rubber products. Do not recommend the use of strong acids, nitrohydrocarbons, esters, chloroform and ketone chemicals, R12 refrigerant resistant seals (NC111), rubber parts or seals on household appliances.
Advantages: It has good comprehensive properties, such as high tensile strength, water resistance, oil resistance, fire resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, aging resistance, oxidation resistance and ozone resistance. Good elasticity and compression deformation, with animal and vegetable oil resistance, will not be affected by neutral chemicals fat, grease, a variety of oils, solvents and physical properties, with fire resistance. High chemical stability.
Disadvantages: high density, easy crystallization and hardening at room temperature, poor storage, electrical insulation performance, poor cold resistance, easy crystallization and hardening at low temperature, raw rubber is unstable in storage. Not resistant to phosphate ester hydraulic fluids. The expansion of mineral oil with low aniline point is large.<\/li> - Pictures of ethylene and propylene rubber EPDM: to synthesize ethylene and propylene as the main raw materials, good chemical stability, wear resistance, elasticity, oil resistance and styrene butadiene rubber close. A small amount of double-stranded third component is introduced into the EP main chain and can be sulfurized to become EPDM, and the general use temperature is minus 50-150 \u2103. Excellent resistance to polar solvents such as alcohols and ketones. It can be used as tire side, rubber strip and inner tube as well as automobile parts, as wire, cable sheath and high voltage, ultra-high voltage insulation (NC111) material. Manufacture rubber shoes, sanitary products and other light-colored products. It can be filled with a large amount of oil and carbon black, the product price is low, and it is commonly used as a high-temperature water steam environment, sanitary equipment seals or parts. Rubber parts in braking (braking) systems. Seals in radiators (car water tanks).
Advantages: Good weather resistance and ozone resistance, excellent water resistance and chemical resistance, alcohol and ketones can be used, high temperature vapor resistance, good gas permeability. Heat resistance, aging resistance, ozone resistance, electrical insulation (NC111) stability are very good,
Disadvantages: Not recommended for food use or exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons.<\/li> - Butyl rubber IIR: For isobutene and a small amount of isoprene polymerization, because the movement of methyl stereoobstacle molecules is less than other polymers, the general use of temperature range of minus 54-110 \u2103.
It is often used in the inner tube of automobile tires, leather bags, rubber paste paper, window frame rubber, steam hose, heat resistant conveyor belt, etc.
Advantages: It is impermeable to most gases, resistant to heat, sunlight and ozone, and has good electrical insulation (NC111). High resistance to polar solvents, can be exposed to animal or vegetable oils or gasified chemicals.
Disadvantages: Not recommended for use with petroleum solvents, gum kerosene and aromatics.
(ii) Special type rubber
Special type rubber refers to rubber with some special properties.<\/li> - Nitrile rubber NBR: polymer made of butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymerized by emulsion, the higher the acrylonitrile content, the better the oil resistance, but the cold resistance is decreased accordingly. The general use temperature range is 25-100 \u2103 below zero. Nitrile butadiene rubber is known for its excellent oil resistance. It can be used in air at 120 \u00b0 C or oil at 150 \u00b0 C for a long time. The electrical conductivity is better.
Widely used, mainly used in oil-resistant products, a variety of oil-resistant gaskets, gaskets, bushings, flexible packaging, soft hose, printing roller, cable rubber materials, anti-static rubber products. It has become an essential elastic material in the automotive, aviation, petroleum, photocopying and other industries. All kinds of sealing (NC111) products, flame retardant products, and phenolic aldehyde used as structural adhesives,
Advantages: Good oil resistance, water resistance, solvent resistance and high pressure oil resistance. Good compressibility, elongation, wear resistance, aging resistance and air tightness and excellent bonding properties.
Disadvantages: Not suitable for use in polar solvents, such as ketones, ozone, nitrohydrocarbons, MEK can be mixed with natural adhesives. Ozone resistance, electrical insulation (NC111) and cold resistance are relatively poor.<\/li> - Hydrogenated nitrile rubber HNBR: nitrile rubber is formed by removing part of the double chain after hydrogenation, and its temperature resistance and weather resistance are much higher than that of ordinary nitrile rubber, and oil resistance is similar to that of ordinary nitrile rubber. The general use temperature range is 25-150 \u2103 below zero.
Suitable for laundry or dishwashing cleaning agents, widely used in environmental refrigerant, R134a system seals (NC111), automotive engine system seals.
Advantages: It has better wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, tensile resistance, tear resistance and compressibility. It has good resistance to ozone and other atmospheric conditions.
Disadvantages: Not recommended for use in alcohol, ester or aromatic solutions.<\/li> - Silicone rubber (NC111) Q: the main chain is formed alternately by silicon and oxygen atoms, and the side chain is a carbon-containing group, with organic groups on the silicon atom. The most used is silicone rubber with ethylene side chain. It is both heat and cold resistant, the use temperature is between 100-300\u2103, it has excellent weather resistance and ozone resistance and good insulation (NC111).
Silicone rubber products are biocompatible materials, closely related to people’s lives, remote control, keyboard, pos machine, scanner, mobile phone, electronic dictionary, mobile phone cover and so on are related to silicone rubber. Mainly used in aviation industry, electrical industry, food industry and medical industry. Colorless silicone rubber products are not toxic, and can be used as artificial organs for the beauty industry and physiotherapy industry.
Advantages: high and low temperature resistance, ozone resistance, good electrical insulation (NC111).
Disadvantages: low strength, poor tear resistance, poor wear resistance.<\/li> - Fluorine rubber FKM: fluorine rubber is a synthetic polymer elastic polymer with fluorine atoms on the carbon atoms of the main chain or side chain obtained by polymerization or condensation of fluorine monomer. Due to the different fluorinated monomers used, fluororubbers have many varieties, which can be divided into fluorinated olefin copolymers and nitroso copolymers. It is usually expressed by the number of fluorine atoms in the fluorine unit in the copolymer, such as fluorine rubber 23, which is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoro vinyl chloride. According to its chemical composition, it can be divided into fluorine-containing rubber, fluoro-silicone rubber, nitroso-fluorine rubber, fluorinated acrylic rubber, fluorinated phosphonitrile rubber, perfluoroether rubber, etc.
It is widely used in the fields of modern aerospace, aviation, automotive, petroleum and household appliances, and is an irreplaceable key material in the cutting-edge industry of national defense.
Advantages: High temperature resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, solvent resistance, fire resistance, chemical resistance and weather resistance.<\/li> - Polysulfide rubber PSR: formed by polysulfide condensation of dihalide and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. In addition, there are polyurethane rubber, chloryl alcohol rubber, acrylic rubber, etc., and more and more nitrile rubber.
Advantages: Excellent oil and solvent resistance,
Disadvantages: low strength, aging resistance, poor processing, smelly.<\/li> - Sponge rubber, also known as foam rubber, foamed rubber or microporous rubber, is a kind of porous elastic material, it is a general term for various rubber with hole structure. The holes of this kind of porous material are throughout the whole material, and according to the different hole structures, they are divided into closed holes (holes and holes are not communicated with each other), open holes (holes and holes are not completely separated from each other by the hole wall, and have a certain degree of connectivity) and mixed holes (both open holes and closed holes).
Microporous rubber mainly includes two categories: expansive rubber and sponge rubber. Including soft sponge, hard sponge, microbubble sponge, conductive sponge, magnetic sponge, water expansion sponge, composite sponge and so on.
Sponge rubber products are widely used in many aspects such as sealing, shock absorption, heat insulation, sound insulation, printing and dyeing and even ion exchange, and are widely used in aviation, automobiles, instruments, meters, home appliances and packaging industries. Its shape has plate, strip, pipe, roll, washer, etc., a wide range of specifications, different shapes. Different conditions of use require different hole structures and aperture sizes. Therefore, it is required to make corresponding adjustments in the formulation and processing technology to achieve the corresponding performance.
Second, the use of rubber
\u2488 Transportation
The rubber industry developed along with the automobile industry. Rubber consumption occupies a considerable proportion in transportation. In the sea, land and air transportation, which can not be separated from rubber products. For example, a four-ton truck of the Liberation brand needs more than 200 kilograms of rubber products, a hard-seat car needs to be equipped with rubber products weighing more than 300 kilograms, a 10,000-ton ship needs rubber products weighing nearly 10 tons, and a jet airliner needs nearly 600 kilograms of rubber. As a means of transportation tires, railway vehicles and automobiles rubber spring shock absorption products, large stores, stations, subway people transport belt. In addition, there are rubber made of “hovercraft”, “air cushion car” and so on.
\u2489 Industrial mine
The industrial sector needs a large number of large and small rubber products, many varieties, wide uses, and some have special requirements. The main products are tape, rubber hose, sealing gasket, rubber roller, rubber plate, rubber lining and labor protection supplies. In mining, coal, metallurgy and other industrial applications of tape, wire rope core conveyor or synthetic fiber conveyor to transport finished products. The rubber lining of the mine mill, with forged rubber instead of manganese steel, has increased the service life by two to four times, and also reduced the noise, which has been promoted worldwide.<\/li> - Agriculture, forestry and water conservancy
In addition to all kinds of tires for tractors and agricultural machinery, rubber tracks for combine harvesters, rubber impermeable layers and rubber DAMS used in irrigation pools and reservoirs, rubber boats, life-saving supplies and other amounts are growing, and rubber accessories are available in processing equipment for agricultural and sideliner products and technical equipment for forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries. For example, an iron NiU-40 wheeled tractor requires 121 rubber products. With the great development of agricultural mechanization and farmland water conservancy, more and more rubber products will be required.<\/li> - Military and national defense
Rubber is an important strategic material, which is widely used in military and national defense, and military equipment, air force facilities and national defense projects have rubber footprints. For example, a tank uses more than 800 kilograms of rubber; A 30,000-ton warship uses 68 tons of rubber, and there are many varieties of ships, tents, warehouses, protective appliances, bathing clothes and so on made of rubber. As for the high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, oil resistance, high vacuum resistance and other special properties of rubber products required for national defense cutting-edge technology is indispensable. With the development of national defense modernization, rubber with special properties that can withstand a temperature range of minus 100-400 \u00b0 C and can resist various acids, bases and oxidants is being developed and produced.
\u248c Civil construction
In the construction of machinery, transportation equipment, protective equipment, etc., there are rubber products accessories. For example, in buildings, glass Windows are sealed with rubber strips, sound-proof floors, muffled sponges, rubber carpets, rainproof materials and emulsion coatings. Install a large rubber spring cushion to reduce the vibration and noise caused by the subway and reduce the damage of the earthquake to the building. The elasticity and wear resistance of cement can be improved by mixing latex into cement. Adding 3% rubber or latex to the asphalt to lay the road surface can prevent the cracking of the road surface and improve the impact resistance.<\/li> - Pictures electric communication
Another characteristic of rubber is that it has good insulation performance and is not easy to conduct electricity. Various wires and cables are made of rubber. Hard rubber is also used to make rubber hoses, glue sticks, rubber plates, partitions and battery shells. In addition, it is also widely used as protective equipment insulating gloves, insulating rubber boots and so on.<\/li> - Medical hygiene
In the medical and health sector, there are many rubber products in the application, such as various rubber hoses in hospitals, surgical gloves, ice bags, sponge cushions, etc., are mostly rubber products. Rubber products are also available as accessories for medical equipment and instruments. Medical rubber products often have special requirements, such as non-toxic, sterilization, physiological inertia, radiation resistance and so on. Butyl rubber has high biological inertness, chemical stability and slight water and gas permeability, which is used to process rubber stopper, and can ensure the preservation of high moisture absorption, antibiotics and anti-cancer preparations. The use of silicone rubber to manufacture artificial organs and human tissue substitutes has made great progress, and it is also used to make drug capsules, which are put into the appropriate position in the body, so that the drugs in the capsule are slowly and continuously released, which can improve the efficacy and is safer.<\/li> - Merchandise storage
Rubber films are widely used in regulated storage of fruits and vegetables. Silicon (NC111) rubber has excellent permeability to CO2 and O2 And appropriate permeability ratio. According to the difference in the respiratory intensity and quantity of different fruits and vegetables, silicone rubber air bags of various sizes are made to maintain an appropriate amount of CO2 in the bag and form a good gas storage environment, thereby inhibiting the respiratory intensity of fruits and vegetables, delaying the metabolic rate, delaying the post-ripening process of fruits and vegetables, reducing water evaporation and preventing rot.
\u2490 Culture, education and sports
Common kinds of balls, table tennis bat sponge surface, swimming fins, toy balls, gold pen gall, rubber, rubber ball, rubber ball, rubber string, rubber mark, rubber blanket, balloon and sponge rubber pad, etc., are widely used in cultural and educational institutions, offices, design drawing and sports equipment.
\u2491 daily necessities
There are many rubber products in daily life to serve us, worn by urban and rural residents, it is a large consumption of rubber products. Such as raincoat, rubber shoes, hot water bag, elastic, children’s toys, sponge seat cushion and latex impregnated products.
(2023-10-29)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.oktcz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/02-10.jpg\")
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<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rubber products refers to natural and synthetic rubber as raw materials to produce a variety of rubber products activities, including the use of waste rubber to reproduce rubber products.First, the type and characteristics of rubber(I) General purpose rubber Natural rubber NR: prepared from the latex of the three-leaf rubber tree, the basic chemical composition is …<\/p>\n